The
Wounded Knee Massacre happened on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (
Lakota:
Cankpe Opi Wakpala) on the
Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, USA. On the day before, a detachment of the
U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major
Samuel M. Whitside intercepted Spotted Elk's (Big Foot) band of
Miniconjou Lakota and 38
Hunkpapa Lakota near
Porcupine Butte and escorted them 5 miles westward (8 km) to Wounded Knee Creek where they made camp.
The rest of the 7th Cavalry Regiment arrived led by Colonel
James Forsyth and surrounded the encampment supported by four
Hotchkiss guns.
[1]
On the morning of December 29, the troops went into the camp to disarm the Lakota. One version of events claims that during the process of disarming the Lakota, a deaf tribesman named
Black Coyote was reluctant to give up his rifle claiming he had paid a lot for it.
[2] A scuffle over Black Coyote's rifle escalated and a shot was fired which resulted in the 7th Cavalry opening firing indiscriminately from all sides, killing men, women, and children, as well as some of their own fellow troopers. Those few Lakota warriors who still had weapons began shooting back at the attacking troopers, who quickly suppressed the Lakota fire. The surviving Lakota fled, but U.S. cavalrymen pursued and killed many who were unarmed
By the time it was over, at least 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota Sioux had been killed and 51 wounded (4 men, 47 women and children, some of whom died later); some estimates placed the number of dead at 300. Twenty-five troopers also died, and thirty-nine were wounded (6 of the wounded would also die).[3] It is believed that many were the victims of friendly fire, as the shooting took place at close range in chaotic conditions.[4]