Imagine this country's sufferings after four years of blockade. The stock of pigs slashed 77 percent; that of cattle 32 percent. The weekly per capita consumption of meat reduced from 1,050 grams to 135; the amount of available milk by half. Women's mortality up 51 percent; that of children under five 50 percent. Tubercular-related deaths up 72 percent; the birthrate down by half. Rickets, influenza, dysentery, scurvy, ulceration of the eyes, and hunger edema a common occurrence. Malnutrition, smuggling, black marketing, and hoarding widespread. And 730,000 deaths attributed by the country's Health Office to the wartime blockade. This country is not "perfidious Albion," but rather Imperial Germany. The suffering caused was not by unrestricted submarine warfare, but rather by a surface blockade that, in the eyes of Jay Winter, did not fall short of being a war crime. Thus, we may well ask how "total" was Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare?