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Truth be told, its probably a difficult comparison between the Middle East and Europe after you factor everything into it. But lets be straight about a few things. The Christian/European/Western dominance over everything the Meditteranean touched was brought to a crashing halt by Arabic armies who overwhelmed North Africa, Spain, Palestine/Israel and modern day Turkey. The Byzantine Empire was the impassable bottleneck in the East, and Charles Martel pulled off a brilliant victory at Tours to help stop the Arabic incursions into the Western European countries. So the West starts off by getting its butt kicked, but managing to slow down and finally stop the flood.
From there, things settled into a long stalemate. The Crusades worked briefly at taking back tiny portions of what the West had lost, but they couldn't hold them for long. Every Crusade after the First was a failure. The momentum reverses direction as Spain pushes the Moors out. But on the other side of Europe, things were quite the opposite. The Ottomans hit the scene, what's left of the Byzantine Empire gets swallowed bit by bit until they take Constantinople in 1494. The Ottomans also get pretty far into Europe before their getting beaten near Vienna. Then things settle into another stalemate of sorts. So at that point, Europe loses one large penninsula and gains another. As the Renaissance kicks in, Europe advances greatly and accomplishes big things. Their technology surpasses the Far East obviously, but the Middle East copies numerous advances and is by no means left in the dust. During this time period, the Ottomans and Russians go at it repeatedly, with the Russians eventually pushing the Turks southward. The Industrial Revolution is the most obvious defining point at which West runs away with it. I don't see one side having dramatically outdone the other before then. As for Europe "stopping" the Mongols, you need to do more research about that. There were reasons the Mongols left, and it had nothing to do with having been beaten. |
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