| Theortically war is fought between two sides on a zone, offered the name "war zone." This only applies to convetional warfare, meaning that both sides are two or more different armies (that means they have uniforms, etc etc) fighting each other.
This type of warfare will contribute many civillian casualties because of, say, urban combat, risky bombing (bombing very very close to civillians), artillery, and other reasons.
However, since the Iraqi army was dessimated by the USA very quickly, it's no longer standing. Some former Iraqi soldiers and civillians from Iraq or across the arab world travel to Iraq to fight as insurgents. This war is a guerilla war. It's no longer a conventional conflict, since it's not an army (ie no uniforms meaning no geniva convention for them!) it's a guerilla force.
In Iraq, those cowardly insurgents are massacering Iraqi civillians by the dozens each time, which leads to the hundreds of thousands of Iraqis dead. These guerilla fighters use something called 'hugging'. This means that they stick very close to civillians to try to blend in with them and use them as shields. This racks in a lot of civillian casualties. This also means that the coalitions forces have a hard time finding out who is who.
In both there is going to be civillian casualties, no escaping it. However you can lower it though.
__________________ Audax et Celer (Bold and Swift)
-Royal Canadian Dragoons' motto
Cpl. Matteo, 2332 Major Holland VC Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps, RCD Platoon.
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